### The Entry into Force of the NIS2 Regulation: A New Approach to Cybersecurity

As of October 17, the NIS2 regulation, an integral part of the Cyber Resilience Act adopted by the European Parliament in March 2024, has begun to take effect. This legislation represents a crucial step in strengthening security measures in the context of the growing cyber threat. Its implementation involves a wide range of actors, including digital service providers, operators of essential services in the energy, transport, health, and financial sectors, as well as public authorities. More than 160,000 European companies are called upon to reconsider and enhance their cybersecurity strategies.

### Economic Changes and Investments in Cybersecurity

The European Commission anticipates that in the early years following the implementation of NIS2, many organizations may face a significant increase in cybersecurity costs. It is projected that spending could rise by as much as 22%, which decreases to 12% for those entities already covered by the previous directive. This scenario could drive growth in the cybersecurity market, with forecasts suggesting it could be worth €60 billion by the end of 2024, potentially reaching €90 billion by 2027.

### What Are Vulnerability Disclosure Policies?

A relevant element in mitigating cyber risk outlined by NIS2 is represented by Vulnerability Disclosure Policies (VDP). The primary goal of these policies is to establish a responsible disclosure procedure for vulnerabilities, facilitating the reporting and management of such issues in a systematic and organized manner. There are many ethical hackers operating globally, and VDPs serve as a channel through which these vulnerabilities can be communicated efficiently.

VDPs are not just procedural documents; they structure methodologies, define management roles, and promote open dialogue with the ethical hacking community. Their implementation also facilitates a proper approach to vulnerability management, making it easier to resolve critical issues.

Two key terms related to VDPs are “recognized” and “incentivized.” A program is considered “recognized” when it acknowledges the contribution of the hacker who identified the vulnerability. On the other hand, it is defined as “incentivized” if it offers a financial reward for the work done, coming close to the concept of Bug Bounty.

### The Importance of Bug Bounties and Their Advantages

Bug Bounty programs represent one of the most effective strategies for companies in the field of cybersecurity. Here are some of the main advantages:

1. **Access to a Community of Trusted Hackers**: The key aspect of a Bug Bounty Program is the ability to tap into a network of highly skilled ethical hackers. Selecting experts who can collaborate efficiently allows companies to discover and resolve vulnerabilities proactively.

2. **Market Knowledge**: Contrary to popular belief, a Bug Bounty program is not a simple public call. It is a complex activity that requires planning and management, enabling companies to deepen their understanding of cybersecurity through interaction with industry experts.

3. **Optimized Internal Management**: With a well-defined process, companies can avoid the workload overload that can arise from poor management of vulnerability reports. A clear operational structure and proper profiling of the personnel involved in the program can make the reporting process much smoother and more efficient.

### A New Approach to Security: Proactivity and Risk Management

The implementation of NIS2 marks a paradigm shift in the management of cybersecurity. It moves from a reactive approach, where companies…